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Cmap windows 10.cmap — Character to Glyph Index Mapping Table

 
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The entrySelector field indicates the maximum number of levels into the binary tree will need to be entered.

In early implementations on devices with limited hardware capabilities, optimizations provided by the searchRange, entrySelector and rangeShift fields were of high importance. They have less importance on modern devices, but may still be used in some implementations. However, incorrect values could potentially be used as an attack vector against some implementations.

Since these values can be derived from the numTables field when the file is parsed, it is strongly recommended that parsing implementations not rely on the searchRange, entrySelector and rangeShift fields in the font but derive them independently from numTables. Font files, however, should continue to provide valid values for these fields to maintain compability with all existing implementations. Each segment is described by a startCode and endCode, along with an idDelta and an idRangeOffset, which are used for mapping the character codes in the segment.

The segments are sorted in order of increasing endCode values, and the segment values are specified in four parallel arrays. You search for the first endCode that is greater than or equal to the character code you want to map. If the corresponding startCode is less than or equal to the character code, then you use the corresponding idDelta and idRangeOffset to map the character code to a glyph index otherwise, the missingGlyph is returned.

This segment need not contain any valid mappings. However, the segment must be present. If the idRangeOffset value for the segment is not 0, the mapping of character codes relies on glyphIdArray. The character code offset from startCode is added to the idRangeOffset value. This sum is used as an offset from the current location within idRangeOffset itself to index out the correct glyphIdArray value.

This obscure indexing trick works because glyphIdArray immediately follows idRangeOffset in the font file. The C expression that yields the glyph index is:. The value c is the character code in question, and i is the segment index in which c appears. If the value obtained from the indexing operation is not 0 which indicates missingGlyph , idDelta[i] is added to it to get the glyph index.

If the idRangeOffset is 0, the idDelta value is added directly to the character code offset i. Again, the idDelta arithmetic is modulo As an example, the variant part of the table to map characters , , and onto a contiguous range of glyph indices may look like this:.

Format 6 was designed to map bit characters to glyph indexes when the character codes for a font fall into a single contiguous range. Codes outside of this subrange are mapped to glyph index 0. The offset of the code from the first code within this subrange is used as index to the glyphIdArray, which provides the glyph index value.

Subtable format 8 was designed to support Unicode supplementary-plane characters in UTF encoding, though it is not commonly used.

Format 8 is similar to format 2, in that it provides for mixed-length character codes. Instead of allowing for 8- and bit character codes, however, it allows for and bit character codes. Hence, there is a need to map a mixture of bit and bit character codes.

A simplifying assumption is made: namely, that there are no bit character codes which share the same first 16 bits as any bit character code. This means that the determination as to whether a particular bit value is a standalone character code or the start of a bit character code can be made by looking at the bit value directly, with no further information required. Each sequential map group record specifies a character range and the starting glyph ID mapped from the first character.

Glyph IDs for subsequent characters follow in sequence. A few notes here. The endCharCode is used, rather than a count, because comparisons for group matching are usually done on an existing character code, and having the endCharCode be there explicitly saves the necessity of an addition per group.

Groups must be sorted by increasing startCharCode. If this is non-zero, then the word is the first half of a bit code point. A font may not have both a glyph for the code point 0x and glyphs for code points with a high word of 0x The presence of the packed array of bits indicating whether a particular bit value is the start of a bit character code is useful even when the font contains no glyphs for a particular bit start value.

This is because the system software often needs to know how many bytes ahead the next character begins, even if the current character maps to the missing glyph. Although this format was created to support Unicode supplementary-plane characters, it is not widely supported or used.

The use of this format is discouraged. Subtable format 10 was designed to support Unicode supplementary-plane characters, though it is not commonly used. Format 10 is similar to format 6, in that it defines a trimmed array for a tight range of character codes. It differs, however, in that is uses bit character codes. This format is not widely used and is not supported by Microsoft. It would be most suitable for fonts that support only a contiguous range of Unicode supplementary-plane characters, but such fonts are rare.

Fonts that include a format 12 subtable can also include a format 4 subtable for compatibility with older applications. This is not required, however. Format 12 is similar to format 4 in that it defines segments for sparse representation. It differs, however, in that it uses bit character codes.

The sequential map group record is the same format as is used for the format 8 subtable. The qualifications regarding bit character codes does not apply here, however, since characters codes are uniformly bit. This subtable provides for situations in which the same glyph is used for hundreds or even thousands of consecutive characters spanning across multiple ranges of the code space.

The constant map group record has the same structure as the sequential map group record, with start and end character codes and a mapped glyph ID. However, the same glyph ID applies to all characters in the specified range rather than sequential glyph IDs. For an example of usage, see the example for CMap::PLookup. See the example for CMap::Lookup. Retrieves the map element at rNextPosition , then updates rNextPosition to refer to the next element in the map. This function is most useful for iterating through all the elements in the map.

Note that the position sequence is not necessarily the same as the key value sequence. The iteration sequence is not predictable; therefore, the “first element in the map” has no special significance. For best performance, the hash table size should be a prime number.

To minimize collisions, the size should be roughly 20 percent larger than the largest anticipated data set. See the example for CMap::RemoveAll. Lookup uses a hashing algorithm to quickly find the map element with a key that exactly matches the given key. Thus it can be used only on the left side of an assignment statement an l-value. If there is no map element with the specified key, then a new element is created. There is no “right side” r-value equivalent to this operator because there is a possibility that a key may not be found in the map.

Use the Lookup member function for element retrieval. A pointer to the first entry in the map; see CMap::CPair. See a variety a of uses of concept mapping and Cmap software by users of all ages. It empowers users to construct, navigate, share and criticize knowledge models represented as concept maps. Cmap Products Cmap products empowers users to construct, navigate, share and criticize knowledge models represented as concept maps. View Products.